Choosing A Compiler Backend

SSA with phi nodes

By far the most common backend design.

SSA with parameters

Used in the Swift compiler.

Intuitive, but some tradeoffs for optimisation: http://blog.ezyang.com/2020/10/the-hidden-problem-with-basic-block-procedures-in-ssa/

CPS

Popular in the literature and in a few functional language implementations.

MLton moved from CPS to SSA and has a great discussion of tradeoffs: http://mlton.org/pipermail/mlton/2003-January/023054.html